Here, two different impacted groundwaters will be targeted for the investigations and it is believed that conducting such an assessment can provide substantial guidance to the Department of Defense (DoD) for selecting PFAS treatment processes.

Potential drawbacks of FS will be evaluated during this study including media longevity (e.g., permeability), leaching of constituents from FS media, and the removal of co-occurring chemicals (e.g., fuel hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents) in aqueous film-forming foam-impacted groundwater. Additionally, a hybrid configuration of FS-IX will significantly elongate media replacement compared to GAC-IX based on water processed before PFAS breakthrough. Specifically, the project team hypothesizes that FS will achieve similar PFAS removal performance as IX at a cost comparable to GAC treatment. A secondary objective of this project is to evaluate different hybrid configurations of FS, GAC, and IX to improve the overall PFAS removal performance by mitigating the impact of competitive adsorbates (e.g., dissolved organic matter), and perform an economic comparison of GAC, IX and FS, and GAC-IX versus FS-IX. The overall objective of this project is to bench-mark the performance of a recently commercialized surface-modified organo-clay adsorbent (Fluorosorb ) for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and co-occurring chemicals at the pilot-scale as compared to that of representative granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) products.

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